Dawn Elizabeth Clifford (she/her/hers)

Also associated with
Dr. Clifford teaches and conducts research related to behavior change counseling and health education and directs a campus-based health coaching program, UCAN.

Contact

Building: Student Academic Services (60)
Room: 431

Biography

Dawn Clifford, PhD, RD is a Professor in the Health Sciences Department at Northern Arizona UniversityShe teaches courses in nutrition education and counseling. Dr. Clifford is the founder and director of UCAN (University Coaching for Activity in Nutrition), which provides health coaching services to NAU students, faculty, and staff. She conducts research and is an accomplished speaker in the areas of motivational interviewing and weight-inclusive, non-diet approaches to health and wellness. Dr. Clifford is a member of the Motivational Interviewing Network of Trainers and is the co-author of Motivational Interviewing in Nutrition and Fitness and 5-Minute MI: Motivational Interviewing in Nutrition and Health When Time is Short

Degrees

B.S. Nutrition and Dietetics
Northern Arizona University
M.S. Nutrition Science
Colorado State University Ft Collins
Ph.D. Nutrition Science
Colorado State University Ft Collins

Experience

Professor
Northern Arizona University Foundation
2020 – Present
Associate Professor and Graduate Coordinator
Northern Arizona University
2017 – Present
Associate Professor and Didactic Program in Dietetics Director
California State University, Chico
2007 – 2017

Scholarship and Creative Activity

Book
Clifford PhD, RD, D. E. (2021). 5-Minutes MI: Motivational Interviewing in Nutrition and Health When Time is Short (p. 250). Skelly Skills.
Clifford, D., & Curtis, L. (2016). Motivational Interviewing in Nutrition and Fitness (p. 276). New York, NY: The Guilford Pres.
Making and maintaining lasting changes in nutrition and fitness is not easy for anyone. Yet the communication style of a health professional can make a huge difference. This book presents the proven counseling approach known as motivational interviewing (MI) and shows exactly how to use it in day-to-day interactions with clients. MI offers simple yet powerful tools for helping clients work through ambivalence, break free of diets and quick-fix solutions, and overcome barriers to change. Extensive sample dialogues illustrate specific ways to enhance conversations about meal planning and preparation, exercise, body image, disordered eating, and more.
Chapter
Watkins, P. Clifford, D., & Souza, B. (2018). The Health At Every Size® Paradigm: Promoting Body Positivity for All Bodies. The Body Positive: Understanding and Improving Body Image in Science and Practice (p. ). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press.
Clifford, D. (2014). Becoming a Competent Eater. Wellness Not Weight: Health At Every Size and Motivational Interviewing. (p. 199-209). United States: Cognella Academic Publishing.
Wellness, Not Weight: Health at Every Size and Motivational Interviewing, brings a new, well rounded perspective to issues of weight, health and helping people change behavior. While many texts in the areas of health sciences and nutrition discuss specific, singular approaches to weight loss, this book is the first to address Health at Every Size (HAES), Motivational Interviewing (MI), and a non-diet, wellness approach to managing health and weight within one comprehensive text. The book is divided into three parts. Part One explores the three basic concepts of the book, the argument for a focus on wellness rather than body weight, the Health at Every Size paradigm, and Motivational Interviewing. Part Two provides more detailed background information for professionals and academics. It presents the science behind the approaches. Included articles offer clear, cogent explanations of potential risks and failures in a weight-centered approach to health, as well as discussions of the risks of a weight centered approach, including disordered eating and body image issues. This section of the book also provides information on how rigid attachment to dietary guidelines can be harmful to consumers, with a special exploration of the dangers posed to children. Part Two ends with articles exploring the need for size acceptance, teaching the concept of Health at Every Size, and the importance of teaching Health at Every Size ideas in the training of health care professionals. Part Three of the book helps health care professionals communicate a non-diet approach to clients and patients, as well as a discussion of the use of Motivational Interviewing techniques with a non-diet approach. Moving away from traditional approaches to weight loss, the included chapters discuss mindful eating, the eating competence model, practical steps for improving health, and non-dieting and spirituality. Wellness, Not Weight: Health at Every Size and Motivational Interviewing speaks to the emerging movement emphasizing wellness, not weight. Written with passion and insight, the book encourages people to nourish and exercise their bodies in healthy, loving and joyous ways. This book can be used in Health Sciences, Nutrition and Food Science, and Public Health courses. It is also useful for courses in Sociology, Psychology, and Women's Studies.
Journal Publication
Luciana, Z. Saemi, L. Jana, F. Squires, N. D., & Clifford PhD, RD, D. E. (2024). <span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:#595959;background-color:transparent;">Effects of weight stigma intervention on exercise professionals’ attitudes toward fatness: A randomized controlled trial</span></span>. Recreational Sports Journal, 1(48), 3-13.
Lima, F. J. Zuest, L. Lee, S. Squires, N. D., & Clifford, D. (2024). Weight Inclusive Thinking for Fitness Spaces (WIT FITS): A Three-Month Follow-Up of a Weight Stigma Intervention for Exercise Professionals. Recreational Sports Journal, 15588661241244771.
Lee, S. Fogaca, J. L. Papini, N. M. Joseph, C. Squires, N. D. Clifford, D. E., & Lee, J. S. (2024). <span><span style="font-size:10pt;color:#595959;background-color:transparent;">Peer health coach experiences promoting a nondiet approach in a university health coaching program. </span></span>. Health Education Journal.
Lee, S. Zuest, L. Fogac{c}a, J. L. Squires, N. D. Balam, C., & Clifford, D. E. (2024). An interdisciplinary collaboration to reduce weight stigma among exercise professionals. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance, 95(5), 28--33.
Squires, N. D. Goode, M. Pye, A. Papini, N. M. Lopez, N. V. Harris, C. Dillon, J. D. Laing, E. M. Lee, S., & Clifford, D. (2024). Weight-Inclusive Podcasts Improved Intuitive Eating, Body Appreciation, and Anti-Fat Attitudes Among Nutrition Students. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, 56(10), 710--718.
Levinson, J. A. Clifford, D. Laing, E. M. Harris, C. L. Slagel, N. Squires, N. D., & Hunger, J. M. (2024). Weight-Inclusive Approaches to Nutrition and Dietetics: A Needed Paradigm Shift. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, 56 923-930.
Zuest, L. Lee, S. Lau, R. Fogaca, J., & Clifford PhD, RD, D. E. (2023). <span style="color:#212121;font-size:14.6667px;">Weight Inclusive Thinking for Fitness Spaces (WIT FITS): A pilot study on the effects of an online intervention on exercise professionals' anti-fat attitudes</span>. International Journal of Kinesiology in Higher Education, 1-14.
Papini, N. Lee, S. Lee, J. S., & Clifford, D. E. (2023). University Coaching for Activity and Nutrition (UCAN): A Weight-Inclusive Health Coaching Program. Journal of American College Health.
Background: Given the body image and disordered eating struggles prevalent in young adults, weight-inclusive anti-diet programs are needed on college campuses. Such programs replace weight loss advice with changes that center physical and emotional well-being. Methods/Program Design: University health and wellness programs such as University Coaching for Activity and Nutrition (UCAN) is a novel weight-inclusive health and wellness coaching program designed to support university students and faculty/staff in their development and maintenance of self-care behaviors related to physical activity, nutrition, sleep, and stress management. Specifically, we describe the program’s mechanisms for participant recruitment, health coach training, session protocol, program evaluation, and supervision so other campuses can replicate the program model at their respective universities. Discussion: This work can help campuses cultivate positive self-care habits that improve both physical and mental health through the lens of a weight-inclusive paradigm, while also creating service-learning experiences for pre-health professionals.
Fogaca, J. L. Lee, S. Joseph, C. Clifford, D. E. Papini, N. M., & Lee, J. S. (2022). University Peer Health Coaches’ Perceptions of Learning and Applying Motivational Interviewing. Health Education Journal, (OnlineFirst), 1-13.
<p>Introduction. Peer-led health coaching is a realistic and sustainable way to support health behavior changes on university campuses. Moreover, motivational Interviewing (MI) is an effective framework to guide behavior change conversations in peer health coaching sessions. However, research on the perceptions of peer coaches who provide health coaching using MI are scarce. Objective. The purposes of this study were to examine: (1) university peer health coaches’ perceptions of their efficacy after participating in the training and implementation of MI; and (2) university peer health coaches’ supervision experiences as they learn to use MI for health coaching. Design. Cross-sectional in-depth qualitative study using Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). Setting. Peer health coaching program from a Mid-sized southwestern university. Method. Five peer health coaches were interviewed about their training, implementation, and supervision of using MI in a university health coaching program. IPA was used to analyze the interviews by two authors, while one other author audited the coding. Results. We identified four main themes: (1) learning MI, (2) using MI, (3) challenges of time and availability, and (4) supervision and peer support. Results illustrated the developmental processes peer health coaches perceive as they develop their MI skills. Individual and group supervision supported MI growth and development while also building a sense of community among coaches. Conclusion. Aside from challenges in learning and using MI, supervision was an important factor that helped peer health coaches develop. Future research should continue to investigate training methods and supervision strategies to improve the quality of peer health coach programs. Keywords: Motivational Interviewing, Health Coaching, Peer Coaches, Supervision, Education</p>
Papini, N. Lee, J. S., & Clifford, D. E. (2022). University Coaching for Activity and Nutrition (UCAN): A Weight-Inclusive Health Coaching Program. Journal of American College Health.
Background: Given the body image and disordered eating struggles prevalent in young adults, weight-inclusive anti-diet programs are needed on college campuses. Such programs replace weight loss advice with changes that center physical and emotional well-being. Methods/Program Design: University health and wellness programs such as University Coaching for Activity and Nutrition (UCAN) is a novel weight-inclusive health and wellness coaching program designed to support university students and faculty/staff in their development and maintenance of self-care behaviors related to physical activity, nutrition, sleep, and stress management. Specifically, we describe the program’s mechanisms for participant recruitment, health coach training, session protocol, program evaluation, and supervision so other campuses can replicate the program model at their respective universities. Discussion: This work can help campuses cultivate positive self-care habits that improve both physical and mental health through the lens of a weight-inclusive paradigm, while also creating service-learning experiences for pre-health professionals.
Mauldin, K. May, M., & Clifford PhD, RD, D. E. (2022). The consequences of a weight‐centric approach to healthcare: A case for a paradigm shift in how clinicians address body weight. Nutrition in Clinical Practice.
Zuest, L. Lee, S. Leedeman, J., & Clifford PhD, RD, D. E. (2022). Creating Weight-Inclusive Climates in Fitness Spaces. Kinesiology Reivew, 11(3).
Zuest, L. Lee, S. Leedeman, J., & Clifford PhD, RD, D. E. (2022). <span style="font-size:10pt;">Creating Weight-Inclusive Climates in Fitness Spaces</span>. Kinesiology Review, 3(11), 251-260.
Behrens, T. K. Holeva-Eklund, W. M. Clifford PhD, RD, D. E. Henderson, R., & Colleary, C. (2021). Preliminary Investigation of Think Tank Groups to Improve University Department Work Culture. Journal of Health Education Teaching, 12(1), 15-27.
Zuest, L. Lee, S. Leedeman, J. Li, S., & Clifford PhD, RD, D. E. (2021). Promoting Body Size Diversity in University Recreation Centers. Quest, 10.1080/00336297.2021.1970594.
Lee, S. Zuest, L. Li, S. Leedeman, J., & Clifford PhD, RD, D. E. (2021). Health and weight attitudes of university recreation center leaders. Journal of American College Health, 1-11.
Clifford PhD, RD, D. E. (2020). A peer-led non-diet behaviour change intervention: FitU. Health Education Journal, (0017896920954470).
Holeva-Eklund, W. Behrens, PhD, RD, T. Clifford PhD, RD, D. E. Henderson, MS, R. M., & Colleary, C. (2019). Exploring the use of think tank groups to improve department work culture at a regional university in the USA. Studies in Higher Education.
Bundros, J. Clifford, D., & Neyman Morris, M. (2016). Prevalence of Orthorexia Nervosa Among College Students Based on Bratman’s Test and Associated Tendencies. Appetite, (101), 86-94.
Clifford, D., & Neyman Morris, M. (2015). Ending Weight Bias and Discrimination in Nutrition and Dietetics. SCAN Pulse, 2(34), 13-16.
Clifford, D. Ozier, A. Bundros, J. Moore, J., & Neyman Morris, M. (2015). Impact of Non-Diet Approaches on Attitudes, Behaviors and Health Outcomes: A Systematic Review. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, (47), 143-155.
Humphrey, L. Clifford, D., & Neyman Morris, M. (2015). Health at Every Size College Course Reduces Dieting Behaviors and Improves Intuitive Eating, Body Esteem, and Anti-Fat Attitudes. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, (47), 354-360.
Hayley, S. Clifford, D., & Neyman Morris, M. (2014). Nutrition Students Gain Skills from Motivational Interviewing Curriculum. Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, 11(114), 1715-1717.
Thompson, J. Silliman, K., & Clifford, D. (2013). Impact of an early education multimedia intervention in managing nutrition-related chemotherapy side effects: a pilot study. SprinterPlus, (2), 179.
Keeler, L. K. Clifford, D. August, B. Kowaski, P., & Neyman Morris, M. (2013). Examination of a Peer-Led, Non-Diet Nutrition and Exercise Adherence Pilot Program on a 5 College Campus: FitU. California Journal of Health Promotion, 1(11), 84-96.
Clifford, D. Keeler, L. K. Gray, K. Steingrube, A., & Neyman Morris, M. (2010). Weight attitudes predict eating competence among college students. Family & Consumer Sciences Research Journal, 2(39), 184-193.
Bergmann, L., & Clifford PhD, RD, D. (2010). Edutainment and Teen Modeling May Spark Interest in Nutrition & Physical Activity in K-6 Audiences. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, 2(42), 139-141.
Clifford, D. Anderson, J. Auld, G., & Champ, J. (2009). Good Grubbin’: The Impact of a TV Cooking Show for College Students Living Off Campus. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, 3(41), 194-200.

Grants and Contracts

  • Evaluation of a Health at Every Size®-based Intervention for Fitness Professionals, Funded by Association for Applied Sport Psychology Collaborative Research Grant (January 1, 2023 - December 31, 2023) ($2,500.00), Completed, Fall 2023, PI Saemi Lee with CoPI Luciana Zuest, CoPI Dawn Clifford PhD, RD, CoPI Jana Fogaca
  • Navajo NARCH Partnership, Funded by National Institutes of Health (September 15, 2017 - July 31, 2022) ($2,760,313.00), Completed, Spring 2023, CoInvestigator Dawn Clifford PhD, RD
  • Weight Inclusive Thinking for Fitness Spaces (WIT FITS): The effects an online intervention on exercise professionals’ anti-fat attitudes, Funded by Submitted to the Association for Applied Sport Psychology Collaborative Research Grant (October 1, 2022) ($5,000.00), Completed, Spring 2023, PI Luciana Zuest with CoPI Saemi Lee, CoPI Jana Fogaca, CoPI Dawn Clifford PhD, RD
  • Evaluation of a Health at Every Size®-based Intervention for Fitness Professionals, Funded by 2021 Western Society for Physical Education of College Women Professional Development Grant (September 1, 2021 - May 1, 2022) ($300.00), Completed, Fall 2022, PI Luciana Zuest with CoPI Saemi Lee, CoPI Dawn Clifford PhD, RD, CoPI Jana Fogaca
  • Development of a Health at Every Size®-based Intervention for Fitness Professionals, Funded by National Association for Kinesiology in Higher Education (NAKHE) (July 1, 2020 - December 31, 2021) ($5,000.00), Funded - In Progress, Spring 2020, PI Zuest Luciana with CoPI Sae-Mi Lee, CoPI Dawn Clifford PhD, RD
  • University Recreation Center Leaders' Perceptions of Health and Weight, Funded by Western Society for Physical Education of College Women (WSPECW) (November 1, 2019 - October 31, 2020) ($1,000.00), Completed, Spring 2020, PI Sae-Mi Lee with CoPI Luciana Zuest, CoPI Dawn Clifford PhD, RD
  • Development of a Campus-Based Health Coaching Program, Funded by Health Sciences Department (March 1, 2018 - June 30, 2018) ($2,980.00), Completed, Spring 2018, PI Dawn Clifford PhD, RD

Program Affiliation

  • Public Health - Nutrition
    Master of Public Health
  • Public Health
    Graduate Certificate
  • Public Health - Health Promotion
    Master of Public Health
  • Health Sciences - Nutrition and Foods
    Bachelor of Science

Interests

Teaching
  • Nutrition Education; Nutrition Counseling; Careers in Dietetics; Introduction to Nutrition and Foods; Behavior Change Counseling / Health Coaching; Medical Nutrition Therapy
Research
  • Behavior Change Counseling; Weight-Inclusive, Non-diet Approaches to Health and Well-being; Dietetics Education;

Courses

Spring 2025
HS 497: Independent Study
IH 799: Dissertation
NTS 135: Human Nutrition
NTS 355: Nutrition Education And Counseling
NTS 415: Nutrition Across The Life Cycle

Advising Degrees

Public Health - Nutrition (MPH)